A computational framework for the detection of #subcortical #brain dysmaturation in #neonatal MRI using 3D Convolutional #Neural Networks.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29793060
Saturday, May 26, 2018
#Theileriosis in Multiple #Neonatal White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) in Delaware, US.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792761
#Neonatal intake of oleanolic acid attenuates the subsequent development of high fructose diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792584
Novel insights into neuroinflammation: #bacterial lipopolysaccharide, #tumor necrosis factor α, and Ureaplasma species differentially modulate atypical chemokine receptor 3 responses in human #brain microvascular endothelial cells.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792190
#Trends in the incidence and associated factors of late-onset sepsis associated with improved survival in extremely preterm #infants born at 23-26 weeks' #gestation: a retrospective study.
Prolonged use of antibiotics after #birth is associated with increased morbidity in preterm #infants with negative cultures.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792103
Role of selenium supplementation in prevention of late onset sepsis among very low birth weight #neonates: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
#Parent perspectives of #neonatal tele-homecare: A qualitative study.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792079
Diet and exercise for preeclampsia #prevention in overweight and obese #pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Syngelaki A1, Sequeira Campos M2, Roberge S1, Andrade W1, Nicolaides KH1.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792061
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of #meningitis in #neonates and #young #infants: the role of lumbar puncture. Bedetti L1, Marrozzini L1, Baraldi A1, Spezia E1, Iughetti L1,2, Lucaccioni L3, Berardi A3.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of #meningitis in #neonates and #young #infants: the role of lumbar puncture.
Bedetti L1, Marrozzini L1, Baraldi A1, Spezia E1, Iughetti L1,2, Lucaccioni L3, Berardi A3.
Friday, May 25, 2018
Cause of Caregiver Death and Surviving Caregiver Coping Style Predict Thwarted Belongingness in Bereaved Youth.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
Both bereavement and thwarted belongingness serve as risk markers for youth suicide-related behaviors. This study examined candidate predictors of thwarted belongingness among bereaved youth, including caregiver cause of death and surviving caregiver coping style.
METHODS:
Forty-three caregiver-bereaved families (58 children aged 7-13 years old) participated in a longitudinal study investigating associations between hypothesized bereavement-related contextual factors and youth thwarted belongingness. Cause of caregiver deaths included anticipated deaths preceded by illness (37%; n = 16), sudden natural deaths (25.6%; n = 11), accidental deaths (20.9%; n = 9), death by suicide (9.3%; n = 4), and death from drug overdose (7.0%; n = 3).
RESULTS:
Children's thwarted belongingness was significantly higher among youth bereaved by suicide compared to youth bereaved by youth bereaved by sudden natural death, accident, and anticipated death by illness. Surviving caregivers' use of behavioral disengagement and positive reinterpretation and growth as coping strategies at Time 1 predicted lower thwarted belongingness in children at Time 2.
CONCLUSIONS:
Implications for risk screening and assessment of suicide risk among bereaved youth are discussed.
Incidence of early-onset sepsis in infants born to women with clinical chorioamnionitis.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the frequency of sepsis and other adverse neonatal outcomes in women with a clinical diagnosis of chorioamnionitis.
METHODS:
We performed a secondary analysis of a multi-center placebo-controlled trial of vitamins C/E to prevent preeclampsia in low risk nulliparous women. Clinical chorioamnionitis was defined as either the "clinical diagnosis" of chorioamnionitis or antibiotic administration during labor because of an elevated temperature or uterine tenderness in the absence of another cause. Early-onset neonatal sepsis was categorized as "suspected" or "confirmed" based on a clinical diagnosis with negative or positive blood, urine or cerebral spinal fluid cultures, respectively, within 72 h of birth. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression.
RESULTS:
Data from 9391 mother-infant pairs were analyzed. The frequency of chorioamnionitis was 10.3%. Overall, 6.6% of the neonates were diagnosed with confirmed (0.2%) or suspected (6.4%) early-onset sepsis. Only 0.7% of infants born in the setting of chorioamnionitis had culture-proven early-onset sepsis versus 0.1% if chorioamnionitis was not present. Clinical chorioamnionitis was associated with both suspected [OR 4.01 (3.16-5.08)] and confirmed [OR 4.93 (1.65-14.74)] early-onset neonatal sepsis, a need for resuscitation within the first 30 min after birth [OR 2.10 (1.70-2.61)], respiratory distress [OR 3.14 (2.16-4.56)], 1 min Apgar score of ≤3 [OR 2.69 (2.01-3.60)] and 4-7 [OR 1.71 (1.43-2.04)] and 5 min Apgar score of 4-7 [OR 1.67 (1.17-2.37)] (vs. 8-10).
CONCLUSION:
Clinical chorioamnionitis is common and is associated with neonatal morbidities. However, the vast majority of exposed infants (99.3%) do not have confirmed early-onset sepsis.
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy applied in pediatrics: endoscopic and histological findings, including Helicobacter pylori.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To present and discuss the endoscopic and histological results, as well as the incidence of Helicobacter pylori and other diseases, indications and characteristics of upper digestive endoscopies performed in children.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Twenty-five endoscopies were performed in children aged six months to 11 years (mean 7.69 years), from February 2013 to January 2016. In 200 patients, endoscopies were diagnostic and serial biopsies were performed (esophagus, stomach and duodenum), in 120 of them.
RESULTS:
The indication of endoscopy was diagnosed in 88.89% of the patients, and in 26 patients, a therapeutic procedure was performed. The most frequent endoscopic findings were esophagitis in 49 patients, gastritis in 84 and duodenitis in 16 patients. Four duodenal ulcers were diagnosed. In the therapeutic endoscopies, six gastrostomies were performed, 14 foreign body withdrawals, five nasoenteral tube passages and esophageal dilatation. The H. pylori survey was performed by anatomopathological method and was positive in 26 (13%) of the 200 patients in whom it was searched.
CONCLUSION:
pediatric endoscopy is an important niche of the digestive endoscopy, where it is important to emphasize the relevance of the institutional structure that performs these procedures, in order to conduct them safely, being able to treat possible and feasible complications.
Periconceptional maternal dairy-rich dietary pattern is associated with prenatal cerebellar growth.
Parisi F1, Rousian M1, Koning IV1, Willemsen SP1,2, de Vries JHM3, Steegers EAP1, Steegers-Theunissen RPM1,4.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy has been related to intrauterine brain development and neurodevelopmental disabilities in adult life. We aim to investigate associations between periconceptional maternal dietary patterns and prenatal cerebellar growth from the first trimester onwards.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
126 women with singleton non-malformed pregnancies were enrolled before 8 weeks of gestation in the Rotterdam periconceptional cohort between 2013 and 2015. Periconceptional maternal dietary patterns were extracted from food frequency questionnaires and associated with blood biomarkers and micronutrient intakes. Serial two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound scans were performed at 9, 11, 22, 26 and 32 weeks of gestation for transcerebellar diameter (TCD) measurement. Linear mixed models were estimated to investigate associations between periconceptional maternal dietary patterns and longitudinal TCD measurements as a function of gestational age.
RESULTS:
We performed a median of 4 scans per pregnancy, resulting in 570 total datasets. The success rate of TCD measurements was 87% (range 65-100%), depending on gestational age. The Mediterranean, Western, egg-rich and dairy-rich dietary patterns were extracted, explaining 37.2% of the overall variance of food intake in this population. The dairy-rich dietary pattern was positively associated with cerebellar growth trajectories (β = 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01; 0.03) √mm, p = 0.01). Maternal strong adherence to this dietary pattern increased TCD measurements by 0.8 standard deviation scores (SDs) compared to weak adherence, reflected in increased TCD estimates of 0.44 mm at 9 weeks (+6.8%), 0.88 mm at 22 weeks (+3.6%), and 1.17 mm at 32 weeks (+2.8%). No significant associations were detected for the Mediterranean, Western and egg-rich dietary patterns.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study shows a positive association between periconceptional maternal adherence to a dairy-rich dietary pattern and human prenatal TCD measurements as a proxy of cerebellar growth. Next step is the investigation of the impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring.
Skin Punctures in Preterm Infants in the First 2 Weeks of Life.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to investigate frequency and trends of skin punctures in preterm infants.
STUDY DESIGN:
A prospective audit of preterm infants less than 35 weeks admitted over a 6-month period to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Each skin puncture performed in the first 2 weeks of life was documented in a specifically designed audit sheet.
RESULTS:
Ninety-nine preterm infants were enrolled. Infants born at < 32 weeks' gestation had significantly more skin punctures than infants > 32 weeks (median skin punctures 26.5 vs. 17, p-value < 0.05). The highest frequency of skin punctures occurred during the first week of life for infants > 28 weeks' gestation (medians 17.5 in 28-31 + 6 weeks' gestation, and 15 in > 32 weeks), and during the second week of life for those born at < 28 weeks (median 17.5). Infants with sepsis had more skin punctures (p-value < 0.001), but this was not significant on multivariate analysis. Median skin punctures in the second week of life were statistically higher in the sepsis group on multivariate analysis (odds ratio: 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.14, p = 0.041).
CONCLUSION:
Frequency of skin punctures is influenced by gestational age and postnatal age. Skin punctures were not an independent risk factor for sepsis.
Integration of parenting and nutrition interventions in a community health program in Pakistan: an implementation evaluation.
Yousafzai AK1, Rasheed MA2, Siyal S2.
Abstract
Policy and program implementers require evidence on whether integrated psychosocial stimulation and nutrition interventions can be effectively delivered at-scale, how, and at what cost? To address some of these issues, a comprehensive evaluation of implementation was designed for a trial in Pakistan that integrated psychosocial stimulation and nutrition interventions in a community health service. The first objective was to describe, analyze, and assess the quality and accuracy of the implementation of the interventions. The second objective was to identify barriers and facilitators for uptake of interventions. A mixed-methods evaluation of implementation processes was conducted. Interventions were accepted by the community and health providers and there was evidence for behavior change uptake of the care for early childhood care recommendations. The new interventions did not dilute delivery of routine services. However, fidelity and quality required supportive supervision and active use of monitoring data, which would require attention in scale-up.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29791730
Global Health: Pediatric Neurology.
Abstract
Neurologic disorders contribute significantly to both morbidity and mortality among children in resource-limited settings, but there are a few succinct studies summarizing the epidemiology of neurologic disorders in these settings. A review of available literature was performed to identify data on the prevalence, etiology, outcomes, and treatment of neurologic disorders in children in resource-limited settings. The burden of neurologic disorders in children is high in resource-limited settings. Barriers to optimal care include lack of trained personnel, limited access to diagnostic technology, and limited availability of drugs used to treat common conditions. Several solutions have been suggested to deal with these challenges including increased collaborations to train neurologists willing to practice in resource-limited settings and increased training of physician extenders or community health workers. Further studies are necessary to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of neurologic disorders in resource-limited settings. Future epidemiologic studies should incorporate multiple countries in resource-limited settings and utilize standardized definitions and methodologies to enable comparison across regions.
Integration of parenting and nutrition interventions in a community health program in Pakistan: an implementation evaluation.
Abstract
Policy and program implementers require evidence on whether integrated psychosocial stimulation and nutrition interventions can be effectively delivered at-scale, how, and at what cost? To address some of these issues, a comprehensive evaluation of implementation was designed for a trial in Pakistan that integrated psychosocial stimulation and nutrition interventions in a community health service. The first objective was to describe, analyze, and assess the quality and accuracy of the implementation of the interventions. The second objective was to identify barriers and facilitators for uptake of interventions. A mixed-methods evaluation of implementation processes was conducted. Interventions were accepted by the community and health providers and there was evidence for behavior change uptake of the care for early childhood care recommendations. The new interventions did not dilute delivery of routine services. However, fidelity and quality required supportive supervision and active use of monitoring data, which would require attention in scale-up.:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29791730
Monday, May 21, 2018
Is oral #dexamethasone as good as oral #prednisolone for #childhood #wheeze requiring steroids?
https://lnkd.in/f7J57xV
New WHO standards for #improving the quality of #healthcare for #children and #adolescents.
https://lnkd.in/fj6YpJX
#Heart rate changes during #positive pressure #ventilation after asphyxia-induced #bradycardia in a porcine model of #neonatal resuscitation.
#Eveningness chronotype, #insomnia symptoms, and #emotional and behavioural problems in #adolescents.
https://lnkd.in/fRJ2isC
Defining #Host Responses during Systemic #Bacterial Infection through Construction of a #Murine Organ Proteome Atlas.
https://lnkd.in/fvk4_m3
A qualitative investigation of the attitudes and beliefs about physical activity and post-traumatic #osteoarthritis in young adults 3-10 years after an intra-articular knee injury.
#Oral ibuprofen differentially affects #plasma and sweat lipid mediator profiles in #healthy adult males.
https://lnkd.in/fw8yfA8
#Prevalence of G6PD deficiency and associated #haematological parameters in #children from Botswana.
https://lnkd.in/fdHg9Pz
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